Capital provided completely by one or more foreign investor
Can use foreign currency, machinery, equipment, intellectual property rights and proprietary technology as the investment
Profits can be remitted abroad
Independent operation and management
Most restricted business structure due to limited domestic market access
Equity Joint Venture (EJV)
Formed by foreign investors and Chinese enterprises (excluding individuals)
A minimum of 25% of registered capital from foreign investors
Can use foreign currency, machinery, equipment, intellectual property rights and proprietary technology as the investment whilst Chinese investor may also contribute land use rights and buildings
Co-operative Joint Venture (CJV)
The investment can be based merely on contracts between foreign and Chinese investors; no co-operative form is necessary unless the JV meets the requirements of a legal person so it can constitute itself as an independent entity
Both parties will usually set up a joint management committee consisting of representatives from each party
The ratio for the distribution of profits can be freely set and does not need to be relative to capital contribution
Representative Office
Not permitted to engage in direct profit-making activities i.e. not permitted to issue invoices for sales, accept payment for goods or contract for sales in the name of the home office.